New Year's holidays are near. Well, what holidays without fireworks? Often we do not pay due attention to basic safety rules when handling fireworks. The most frequent injury from the use of fireworks, crackers and Bengal lights were burned. Burn - is damage to the tissues under the influence of high temperature or chemicals. They come in four types. * Chemical burns; * Electrical burns; * Thermal burns; * Radiation burns. Experts estimate the seriousness of the burn area and depth of damage. What these figures is less, the faster and easier to burn heals. In order to measure the surface of the damaged area, enter the following standard. It is known that a person's palm is 1 percent of the surface of his body. To determine the proportion of damaged surface in the human body decided to allocate 11 segments of 9 percent (the so-called rule of "nines"). So, each arm is 9 per cent of the total body, leg - 18, face and neck - 9 and so on. Depending on the depth of skin damage distinguish four degrees of burns: I degree burn - is damage to the outer layer of skin - the epidermis. Symptoms: redness, swelling of the skin, soreness of affected areas. Phenomena take place in 2-3 days. Such, for example, sunburn. In the case of destruction of the epidermis and papillary layer of skin violations talk about the II degree burn. Symptoms: redness, swelling and the formation of bubbles filled with clear liquid. After removing the bubbles exposed bright red or pink bottom, formed by a wet cloth brilliant, painful, at the light touch, temperature changes, movement of air. Lateral inspection area burn edema, above the surface of the sheets. Healing takes 5-6 days and more. Burns first and second degree - superficial, they heal, usually alone. Much more difficult is the case with deep burns. This damage not only the epidermis and papillary layer, and connective tissue, ie skin full thickness. This is a third-degree burns. III degree burns is divided into two sub-level: IIIA and IIIb. IIIA degree burns - all layers of skin necrosis, except for very deep - sprout; large, tense blisters filled with yellowish liquid (sometimes a gelatinous mass), the bottom of the same, but at the touch sensitivity can be reduced. Perhaps escharosis yellowish or white, almost not sensitive to the touch, tingling, with side inspection crust over the surface of the skin does not act. IIIb degree burns - large bubbles with bloody fluid. The bottom of the dry, dull, whitish or finely spotted ( "marble"), painless or moderately sensitive. Possible scab brownish or gray. Any damage to the entire depth of skin slough wrinkled, thick, located below the adjacent areas of skin. Any damage to the muscles and bones speak of fourth-degree burns. Treatment of patients with deep burns carried out only in the hospital. IV degree burns - is not only necrosis of the skin, but also the underlying tissue - tendons, muscles. Baked surface is covered with a dense crust of brown or black, is not sensitive to stimuli. At first all burns are sterile. After all, they arise from exposure to high temperatures. But the next moment of burnt skin generally signs of inflammation. Burn turns into a wound, open to any germs. Therefore, all that, in the opinion of some "advisers", suitable for pain relief in the scorched ground, perhaps on the contrary, become a source of infection. Burnt surface sprinkled with urine, a solution of potassium permanganate, it is applied to potatoes or potato peels, various herbs and oils. But very rarely resorted to truly effective and fairly simple way - washing under running water. The most effective way for any burns - a cooling of the burnt surface. All that would be at hand: cold water, snow, ice from the refrigerator or any frozen food from it (preferably in the package). Cold stops unwanted processes. Burned tissue as it were into a state of suspended animation. Pain, too, at some time cease. Thereafter, bronzed place processed in accordance with the degree of burn. Indication of first-degree burns - redness and slight swelling of the skin a little. Should handle it weak (pale pink) manganese solution. If the burn area is small, and this can limit. In the opposite case we must impose Burns ointment or spray process (3-4 times a day). For burns, it is desirable to have in your home medicine cabinet spray "Alazol" or "Panthenol". If you have a second-degree burns, it is usually accompanied by formation of blisters. Thin film blister not disrupt in any case. The surface underneath is very painful. Can only carefully sterilized instrument to pierce the shell and issue enters into the liquid. On such a burn, too, should be put ointment "Alazol" or "Panthenol". Cover with a thin layer of ointment itself burn or sterile gauze and applied to the wound. Then it is necessary to tie all this gauze bandage. We can not close the place burnt plaster, it will hinder the access of air. A wound to heal is needed oxygen. Bandage should be changed every day. If she stuck to - soak in a solution furatsilinom or a weak solution of manganese. When the wound begins to heal, the bandage can be removed. These burns are usually a couple of weeks. All these measures can be used at home in the event that burned a small surface of the skin. Extensive burns should be treated as only a doctor. Moreover, there are burns, which in any case must necessarily turn to specialists. For example, if improperly treated burns on hands, then after healing scars may appear rough. They are not only ugly, but they can interfere with movement of fingers. Well, what about the face and say nothing. Third-degree burns forms a wound, completely devoid of the upper layers of the skin. Be affected more deeply lying tissue. Immediately after trauma such burns look like light gray or light brown skin, almost almost compact to the touch.