Ecology - a word that fifteen years ago, few people knew. Today the word on everyone's lips. But probably few know the true meaning of the word. The word "ecology" is a term of two parts: "oikos" - in translation - the house and "logos" - science. That is, ecology - the science of "home" in which we all live, that is, on our planet. For the first time this term suggested German biologist E. Haeckel in 1866. In his work "The general morphology of organisms," he gave a definition of science: ecology is the amount of knowledge that belongs to the economy of nature - the study of the totality of the relationship of animals and the environment, both organic and inorganic, and above all its friendly or hostile relations. In the late 80-ies of the nineteenth century, ecology was formed as an independent biological discipline and remained so up to 50 years of XX century. The most prominent environmentalists this period belong such foreign scholars as G. Burdon-Sanderson, William Elton, and A Tensli (England), S. Forbes and B. Shelford (USA), as well as domestic - D. Kashkarov, V. Vernadsky , V. Sukachev. Among the prominent ecologists later times should be called Yu Odum, D. Meadows, R. Dazho, M. Budiko, S. Schwartz, Y. Izrael, K. Kondratyev. Research Methods of modern ecology is very diverse. This new physical, chemical, biophysical, Bioindicative, biochemical, radiological, meteorological and cybernetic methods, ground, air and space environmental monitoring, today's computers with their analysis capabilities, taxonomy, ecosystem modeling, prediction. The main objectives of future ecological studies, most scientists believed the solution of such problems: the global conversion of human consciousness, the development of entirely new moral basis, a complete change of life paradigm, the transformation of humanity into a unified biosocial organism with a collective intelligence and extremely high system information, population, greenhouse effect, acid rain and the ozone hole, full utilization of industrial wastes; environmentally "clean" energy; dehimizatsii agriculture, cleaner transport; demilitarization; resource conservation and reclamation of the lithosphere, the achievement of global consensus on the relationship of humanity with nature.